Soil Cleaner at risk?
Category: Pesticides, carbofuran | Date: Sep 12 2008 | By: Martin
I have not been in touch with worms for a while. Today’s story on BBC on earthworms caught my attention because a worm is the sublect of interest. Nematodes which are worms are the intended target by carbofuran nematicide.
Nematodes are mostly are free-living; found in soil where they are important decomposers. Some are parasitic, including many parasites of commercially important plants like strawberries and oranges. Nonetheless, they are worms!
But earthworms are worms as well; they have distinctly segmented bodies that is, their body is made up of repeating units. Yet earthworms and nematodes are both in this case in the soil, soil worms and therefore a possible target for carbofuran either way! What is worse is that carbofuran is turning out a dreaded biocide rather than a nematicide.
Earthworms are important soil burrowers therefore important in soil aeration, an important condition in crop farming. In addition, they are soil detoxication facilitators. They would aid in metal toxins removal from the soil as reported on BBC in Earthworms to aid in soil clean up.
Tags: annelids, BBC, carbofuran, Earthworms, nematodes
Inland biodiversity threat
Category: carbofuran | Date: Sep 09 2008 | By: Martin
All our posts have been centered on large animals, illustrating carbofuran poisoning in lions, hyenas and vultures. The explanation behind this lies in effective exposure to the chemical pesticide.Their mode of feeding-carnivorous and scavenging -therefore accords these organisms the highest vulnerability. This just proves that ingestion or swallowing is the most effective way of getting the toxic substance into a living organisms body system. Further, fish have also been reported to have been killed through Furadan poisoning, other birds (non-vulturine), wildebeests, warthogs, crocodiles, just to mention those.
Clearly, out of the 8 divisions (technically and more precisely reffered to as phyla, these are sponges, worms, insects, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) of the members of the Animal Kingdom, it is not just fish,mammals,birds and reptiles that are suffering but also the other mentioned in brackets but sponges. Only the sponges can be said at a lower risk given that they are oceanic rather than part of inland biodiversty. The large volume of the oceanic waters in which they are found also confers them some safety since it would require more carbofuran than can be produced on earth at the present time to get the waters concentrated eneough to destroy the sponges. This post will therefore focus on alleged or reported highly suspected carbofuran poisoning cases for smaller or inconspicuous or ignored animals.
Insects and their likes, which constitute the division (phylum) Arthropoda-the largest animal group constituting 95% of the animals- in as much as pesticides are designed to kill them, I would say, have been ignored. I believe no organism is too abundant not to be destroyed altogether or be driven to extinction. In one of the posts in another of wildlife direct’s blogs, there were lions reported to have died from Furadan poisoning. Shockingly but also reported nonetheless was that flies that came to get tit bits of the fouled carcasses also died on their meal. Well, I have also been able to get reports that Honey bees have died of Furadan poisoning in Naivasha and Kitui, Kenya. Honey bees not only make a highly nutritious and medicinal substance, honey ,but they are also very important in pollination of our rops and other plants. In Naivasha, Kenya, Furadan is used to kill termites and is proclaimed even more effective than the pesticides intended to kill termites. In Busia, Bunyala, the Leech was a feared worm by the paddy field workers and the blood sucker would stick on one’s upper legs and suck blood till one used a knife to cut it off. Though a worm, it falls in a different category and it poses no threat to rice or any other crop. Presently, the farmers have noted the worm has declined and not as common as it used to be in the paddy fields. A few cannot stop thinking that Furadan may be behind the decline in the leech numbers.
If I recall clearly, carbofuran is branded a nematicide. But what has been witnessed is an indiscriminate mortality situation cutting across the entire animal kingdom. Carbofuran leaves a lot to be desired as far as its pesticidal role is concerned. It is a chemical pesticide that leaves many questions unanswwered such as if it can cause secondary poisoning and the scope of the broad spectrum of living things that it can wipe out. There is great need for more intensive testing of the effects of the pesticide and if at all it has to remain in use as a pesticide, it should prove its ‘innocence’ and subsequently may be win again the confidence of wildlife conservationists.
Tags: amphibians, animal kingdom, arthropoda, Birds, bodiversity, carbofuran, fish, fishtoxic, honey bees, hyenas, insects, lions, mammals, reptiles, sponges, Tanzania, termitesKenya, vultures, Wildlife Direct, wildlife poisoning, worms
Secondary poisoning by carbofuran?
Category: Hippopotamus, Organophosphates, Pesticides, carbofuran, lions | Date: Sep 08 2008 | By: Martin
Hi,
Secondary poisoning refers to when a consumer gets intoxicated by eating another organism that has the poison in its system.
Secondary poisoning is known in a number of other chemical pesticides for instance organophosphates. In carbofuran, a carbamate, it is argued whether or not secondary poisoning actually does occur.
It is a known fact that carbofuran is a sleek killer especially in birds. It is also true that organisms with bigger body mass die after a longer time compared to animals with smaller body mass which die faster. I have witnessed small seed-eating birds succumb to carbofuran within 5 minutes while bigger Storks may take up to half an hour or more. In simple explanation,the chemical must get incorporated in the consumer’s tissues and if this consumer dies and is predated upon by another which in the process also gets intoxicated, then secondary poisoning is said to have occured.
There have been reported cases of possible secondary poisoning in Kenya: lions getting intoxicated after feeding on poisoned hippopotamus, vultures after feeding on poisoned carnivore. Today I talked to a senior scientist in a prominent organization who pointed out that after working it out with the chief vet of their wildlife conservation organization, the Lethal Dose (LD) required to kill a hippo is actually much lower compared to the hippo’s body mass. So, some some granules of carbofuran sprinkled on the grass will intoxicate the hippo (and any other herbivore) and even though the lethal dose required to kill the hippo is not attained, the dose may well be enough to kill a wild dog. Nonetheless, my reasoning in the lions getting intoxicated by the alleged carbofuran poisoning of the hippos is that the hippo may have taken much more of the carbofuran and while this may have paralysed the hippos nervous system, not all of it was ‘used’. Therefore, the ‘excess’ carbofuran that circulated in the hippo while still alive and was not ‘used’ in paralysing the nervous system of the hippo got to its tissues and the amount being equal or more than the lion’s lethal dose (the lion’s whose mass may just be about a quarter of the hippos) got the lions got intoxicated.
If that is so and if it is man who had eaten the hippo(as he has been known to in some places), then may be he would have probably succumbed to the poisoning much faster than the lions. Still on man, as earlier said, I have seen Storks take over 30 minutes before dying after eating Carbofuran-laced snails. Man eats these guys regularly. Since the similar organophosphates’ poisoning results to chronic/persistent effects in wildlife and people, there might be chronic effects due to carbamates as well and cumulatively, these could be catastrophic. I cannot avoid worrying that in the long run, most of our wildlife and man are actually already intoxicated and continue to be by carbofuran.
Just a thought for the day!
Tags: , carbofuran, lions, Organophosphates, Pesticides, secondary poisoning, vultures
Call for your support
Category: Pesticides, carbofuran | Date: Sep 06 2008 | By: Martin
Hi all,
This year (2008) began with a vexing outrage of poisoning incidences in Kenya, leading to the Wildlife Poisoning meeting organized by Wildlife Direct at the end of April, 2008. The landmark outcome of the meeting was the formation of a Stop Wildlife Poisoning Task Force.
The Stop Wildlife Poisoning Task Force having met for the first time last month agreed on a number of issues that are slowly gaining momentum of implimenntation. Generally, it emerged from our Task Force meeting and from the responses (from relevant stakeholders including government departments) to our complains (including Dr. Richard Leakey’s call for ban of carbofuran) about carbofuran’s significance in Kenya’s wildlife mortality that there is need for intensive information data collection(already significantly done) and toxicological analytical proof results implicating carbofuran.
The Task Force team is constituted of a multi-conservation and regulation organizations member merger whose contribution to the course of the stop wildlife poisoning campaign is highly time-restricted. Therefore, while their expertise is crucial, it can only be applicable in an intermittent manner. We therefore agreed that we would employ the services of students to collect data and animal carcass samples known/suspeccted to have died from poisoning under supervision by myself with technical consultation and advice from the Task Force who will also surely be out there whenever they can to ensure satisfactory outcome of our poisoning data gathering that will give stronger back up evidence for Carbofuran poisoning in Kenya. The same will also apply for the legal issues as concerns pesticides regulation on distribution and use. In summary, please see the table, anti-wildlife-poisoning-campaign-budget.pdf.
Your contributions are most welcome. Please kindly support us in the Stop Wildlife Poisoning Campaign.
Thanks for reading our blog and please keep checking it out.
Tags: , carbofuran, Dr. Richard Leakey, Kenya, poisoning, Stop Wildlife Poisoning Task Force, Wildlife Direct
Toxic Chemicals are all around and all round
Category: Uncategorized | Date: Aug 24 2008 | By: Martin
Hi all,
We are now struggling with pushing on with the implimentation of the outcomes of the just convened meeting of the Stop Wildlife Poisoning Task Force at Wildlife Direct, Nairobi, Kenya . We still hope Richard Leakey’s call for ban of carbofuran will yield a reasonable response from the government. Meanwhile we are trying to make headways with a review of all that concerns carbofuran which is essentially our mission. Hopefully, we will garner enough of more of the necessary evidence (of course in addition to what we already have) against carbofuran to get everybody’s attention and only justifiably lay to rest the chemical that clearly is dangerously outliving its time. I say enough of more necessary evidence because we hope it will not be deemed insufficient. I just do not know when the evidence will be sufficient to the local and international custodians of this chemical and many others. What it means is that the chemical continues to act out there both in its good ways (limited since even proper use is harmful; EPA will agree with me) and limitless lethal toxic ways. I hope when the information is enough, our wildlife populations will still stand at handsome figures though. I hope this will not be when almost, if not every organism, including humans, when tested they will positively have carbofuran in their systems (A sad case for Alaska where pollutants are just in almost every living thing which is what I have stumbled on, thinking that I would read something far from toxic chemicals).
The wild supply and haphazard distribution of the pesticide Carbofuran will therefore continue facilitating poisoning of wildlife, birds, fish and who knows even of human poisoning whose facts lie locked in the confines of lack of data and documentation. Such is the desperate need of heed at which we stand.
After ‘a break’ from head aching matters of carbofuran, today I ventured into the current affairs of the fate of our planet and read of the goings on in the U.S.
Based on a conference held in July 17-20 the15th Protecting Mother Earth conference - organized by Indigenous Environmental Network (IEN) where there were more than 600 attendants, mostly from indigenous nations of the United States and Canada, but also from as far as Peru, Bolivia, Mexico, and Europe Came together. Generally, they talked of global problems, challenges and solutions. They discussed energy and climate change as it affects indigenous peoples. Stories were told of health damage and ecological destruction brought about by oil refineries, coal power plants, gold mining, and nuclear military activity.
I think the whole issue of energy and climate change just infers global warming. Indeed this is documented of the conference of Minnesota’s new proposed 1600-mile oil pipeline extension which opponents say would contribute significantly to global warming for the way oil is extracted from the tar sands, which is extremely energy intensive. Tar sand oil extraction requires stripping all the trees and vegetation, scooping up and steaming the sands. Potential oil spills on Minnesota’s wetlands is also a concern. IEN states that very few of these projects are assessed for their social and cultural costs or their cumulative environmental and health impacts, which would cause fragmentation of the boreal forest, disruption to indigenous cultural life-ways and production of greenhouse gases.
Here we go again, global warming directly linked to a toxin-highly acknowledged energetic fluid-oil- which will intoxicate wildlife, fish, birds and humans during its extraction, distribution and use for man’s energy requirements.
Shawna Larson, Ahtna Athabascan and Supiaq, Aleut/Eskimo from Alaska, working with the Alaska Community Action on Toxics said that heavy metals and highly toxic persistent organic pollutants, such as DDT, PCBs, and dioxins, some already banned and rarely used in the Arctic are found in very high levels in native people and wildlife in Alaska. These pollutants used somewhere else are transported by wind, water currents and migratory species and concentrate in large quantities in the Artic. Alaskan indigenous people according to their cultural traditions feed on local fish and wildlife, which are considered to be the most contaminated in the world.
At this point, I think we should refresh our minds on the contaminants of Alaska.
For the whole story, read Talking about the future of Mother Earth.
Tags: Alaska, Canada, carbofuran, DDT, EPA, global warming, Indigenous Environmental Network, Kenya, PCB, Protecting Mother Earth, Richard Leakey, Stop Wildlife Poisoning Task Force, United States, Widlife Direct
The poisoner to undo the Poisoning
Category: carbofuran | Date: Aug 14 2008 | By: Martin
Hi,
“In these woods, I am the master!”
Hunting or is it poaching which may involve weapons or poisoning is by far a mastery of skill rather than a crude means of survival as is mostly perceived.
I have had a couple chances during which I have talked to a poacher/hunter/poisoner by mingling in a way to suggest I am interested in apprenticeship in the same. In the end I have been amazed at how much they know about wildlife, weapons and poisons than many of us. This includes:
1. They know that poisons are lethal: Unlike what we know, the people who poison wildlife for food in significant cases don’t eat poisoned game themselves. They sell it and in many cases will buy meat or chicken for consumption. They will select the wildfowl that is not dead and slaughter it for consumption at their homes. Wild birds that remain alive are the least intoxicated and only end up being taken away because their appendages are broken to prevent them from flying during the state when they are disoriented by the poison. By the time they regain stability their ability to escape is impaired by their crippled state.
2. Poachers know where and how to get their quarry: Bird hunters know the ideal habitats to get which birds. They are the wild ornithologists who do not need a sophisticated sound playback system to get the attention of secretive birds. The only Flufftail (a kind of bird) I ever seen was in western Kenya and I was able to see it with the aid of a hunter who mimicked the bird’s call. He disclosed that that is how he got to get the birds where he laid poisoned bait.
3. They know the difficult/impossible quarry: Bird poachers know that game birds are difficult to catch. One told me that for business i.e. if you want birds to sell, game birds, the likes of guineafowls, francolins and quails are difficult to poison despite their congregating behaviour being ideal for poisoning. Instead, they use nooses and these require the patient or small scale vendor. At a trapping site in Busia, Kenya, the egrets are ignored since these will least likely succumb to a small dose of carbofuran; this will not be so economical to the poacher who wants to use a little of the chemical to get a bountiful catch. Still, egrets due to seemingly requiring a higher dosage of the poison will fly away even while intoxicated hence most likely will benefit a poacher or customer at a further locality who has not done any investment on the chemical and the actual baiting process. Most poachers on the other hand describe ducks generally as ‘dim’ and these settle to eating poisoned bait ‘without a second thought’, to use one poacher’s words.
4. The poachers also know which species are dwindling in numbers: Again, through consistent monitoring by these crude scientists parallel to their unpermitted cropping of wild birds without orders from the wildlife managers shows they are up to date with the trends and have their own red data lists out there. These red listings however mean nothing to them and they will continue with their indiscriminate hunting/poisoning methods to push to extinction the species whose numbers in those localities are struggling against the hunting pressures. Two bird poachers disclosed that the last they ever saw vultures must have been in the eighties. Our bird guide-books still bear maps showing these areas to be areas that vultures range. Men in their late Twenty’s admit having seen such birds during their childhood. The generation in their teens know nothing that looks like a vulture in their lifetime. If it is hunting that has driven the scavengers from these areas or even pushed the local populations to extirpation nobody knows. But they know the ducks, and notably the White-faced Tree ducks and Wattled starlings are dwindling steadily in the area because of poisoning.
So here we are confronting experts in what they have perfected in. By the way they also know if you are enquiring about poisoning and animals in the area then you are from the Kenya Wildlife Service, the local organization that values animals more than humans and will arrest you. So they will avoid talking to you or run away or they will just be given asylum by their own who will say nothing to you!
“The cover is good. I had better stay under cover till that KWS spy gets nothing and leaves my area!”
We need their own to change their own. But this requires incentive to the reformed to keep an eye, educate and create confidence for dialogue with the conservationists. If you can, please contribute towards a fund for one such person I know we see if there is some impact.
Tags: carbofuran, Egret, Flufftail, KWS, Poacher, poisoning, Vulture, Wattled Starling, White-faced Tree Duck
What Kenya’s importers, local distributors and licencers of carbofuran should be reading between the lines
Category: carbofuran | Date: Aug 13 2008 | By: Martin
As I took a random look at one of our local dailies today, the Standard newspaper, I was struck by the headline Tourists troop to Mara for ‘The Seventh Wonder’. With the memories of my two weeks in the Mara during my last visit there just two weeks ago still fresh, I could not help read the write up to see what people will decipher of it.
What I think is that to just a reader, it will look an interesting, tourist inviting piece; a tourist who has never seen this Serengeti-Mara migration,so called 7th wonder may be tempted to check to see if there is still chance to make it to the Mara given the migration happens in intermittent waves for much of July into August year in year out; still, the Kenyan government’s adrenaline levels must be at utmost peak levels with its pulse of excitement driving it to hysterical frenzy since econoomic recovery seems imminent especially after the many misfortunes that have befallen our country dealing it repeated blows to our economic success. I feel the urge in the government, ‘as a father’, to give a pat on the back to its child organ, the ministry of tourism and utter sell!sell!sell! Indeed the close to 550,000 tourists that have visited the area in the last 3 years is a good deal but it can be better given the harsh economic times we are trudging through.
Fine, we are the gifted custodians of the 7th wonder of the world. Conservationists must feel it is time to take time out when wildlife abundance is hailed for the moment in the Mara; while those of us locked in the unending nightmare of wildlife poisoning could also do the same. But can we? the memories of the lion (and hippo) poisoning linger fresh as these only happened months ago in the area. Kipchumba Kemei, the publisher of the article must happily and rightly proclaim (in normal circunstances) ” Their presence has increased the concentration of crocodiles, lions and hyenas along the river bank….” , may be as an animal concentration watch point to the tourists?or that the animals are bountiful?
Looking at the list of the animals that congregate on the Sand and Mara rivers during the Gnu/Zebra migration,-crocodiles, lions, hyens (and the migrating animals themselves)- all are known and reported to have been killed by Carbofuran (Furadan) in Kenya. So what the tourists are enjoying seeing to the stop wildlife team is the sample of animals that carbofuran will effectively take down. Well, this is what I also wish the importers, distributos and licencers of carbofuran in Kenya are reading between the lines. Seventh wonder of the world my foot! just brings memories of a congregation of animals amassed for carbofuran to bring down!
Tags: carbofuran, Crocodile, Gnu, hyena, Kenya, Lion, Mara, Serenget-Mara migration, the Standard newspaper, Zebra
The Ethics of Wildlife Poisoning
Category: Uncategorized | Date: Aug 04 2008 | By: Martin
Hi, I will base this write up on actual observations in poisoning scenes that I have witnessed.
A lot of people who kill and/or eat poisoned wildlife/birds have a number of justifications that sometimes leave one in a difficult position in trying to understand and deal with the problem of wildlife poisoning. Some will tell you that the land in their localities does not yield sufficient crop any more and that only birds can complement their staple carbohydrate uptake. Wildlife/bird poisoning therefore turns out an occupation and source of income for some and a cheap food source for the others. Still, others go on to state that wildlife and birds are created for man’s utility. In other words, man is the master.
It is however a painful realization when you come to learn about the forms of humiliation, trauma and cruelty that is triggered by poisoning. I saw my relative poison puppies using a rodenticide because they were just too many. She did this repeatedly every time the dog gave birth. It was absurd. It would be better if she told me that she was doing so because the pups were too many for her to feed, or because there was nobody to give the pups out to. Even before the puppies died and were still wreathing in pain, she took them and dumped them in a pit toilet. I watched in awe not knowing what to do. What a master this one is even if we are the masters over animals.
Two years ago, I also witnessed 2 dead Zebras on the shores of Lk. Bogoria, one of Kenya’s Rift Valley lakes. The game ranger who was accompanying us said there was possibility of the Zebras having died from thrusts of poisoned spears. The full grown Zebra had two deep slits on its hind quarters where apparently the killer had thrust his spear. The young Zebra had a deep slit on its abdomen side. There was a noxious foul smell from the two corpses. The ranger had been there about twelve hours earlier and the killings had not taken place. Likely, these were the acts of poachers. But why kill if you will not consume?
The most disturbing poisoning memories I have however are those of birds. I have witnessed birds baited by poisoned food materials, captured and enslaved to be used for the success of man’s desires, in this case maximize on the bounty of baited birds. These birds are always kept under conditions of depression, always tethered to a peg either inside or outside the house, ferried to and fro inside and outside the house as it pleases the captor. The manner of bird handling itself elicits a chill to an observer where the bird is held dangling, by the wings. Still, the bird’s primaries (longer, outermost flight feathers) will never grow to full size since the captors will always pluck them out so that the birds may not at any one time be able to fly away and rescue themselves from slavery. The captors then use them as Judas for other birds where the birds call out to others to lure them to a poisoned meal. Sooner or later the birds flock the foraging ground which is actually a set up and the food is laced in poison. The poison used in this case was carbofuran (Furadan 5G) and In a matter of time the birds started wobbling in gait, falling down and panting while others collapsed to their death in a short time. Not moved by the miserable sight of disorientation and death, the poachers then stepped in the death arena armed with sticks, sacks and basins. Small birds that had not died had their wings broken while the bigger birds had their legs battered by the sticks, leaving a site of hopping birds with broken legs and some lying mute on the ground only imaginably shedding tears of pain. Some of the big birds whose aggression did not succumb to this pain had their necks twisted around. In brief poisoning in this case facilitates treachery and gross cruelty.
But what is the orthodox reason behind poisoning? Crudely necessary, though sensible, poisoning should be directed to an organism that has caused nuisance to a point of extremity that there is need for it to be killed and be done away with, NOT EATEN. Thus, poisoning can be deemed ethical. I have been to three bird poisoning sites and none of the poachers in these sites poison birds since they are a nuisance. They do it so that the birds can be sold as food to humans and those who buy the birds do so to eat them, knowing full well that the birds have poisoned. Many people have forgotten about the ethics of poisoning. Please help remind them.
Tags: carbofuran, poisoning, Wildlife, Zebra
Wildlife Direct in need of digital cameras
Category: Uncategorized | Date: Jul 17 2008 | By: Martin
Hi. While our Stop Wildlife Poisoning Campaign is on-going, we like to appeal for your support towards purchasing 2 digital cameras to be used by the Stop Wildlife Poisoning team. A piece of this costs around $500 in Kenya. While the team is constituted of 14 members, not all have digital cameras especially by virtue of the team being constituted of some members who by virtue of their profession do not have this vital piece of equipment. Further, one of the members lost his digital camera when it fell off a cliff while on a survey related to the anti-poisoning campaign. We want to provide you with photos of our sighted poisoning incidences and other poisoning-related incidences, which will in addition add authenticity and boost the validity of our claims against poisoning and especially as concerns the ban on carbofuran. Kindly support us.
Tags: carbofuran, Stop Wildlife Poisoning Cammpaign, Wildlife Direct
Safe for now?
Category: carbofuran | Date: Jul 17 2008 | By: Martin
Hi. It is a bright thursday 17/07/2008 afternoon unlike the many gloomy, cloudy afternoons that have been since last month. I am perched on my seat looking across a broad window overlooking one of Nairobi’s upper middle class surburbs, otherwise called Hurlingham. As I contemplate where to begin, a Black Kite flies by in my view, twisting and turning its tail, a diagnostic manouvre of the fork-tailed raptor. I then remember the nesting Peregrine Falcon I saw this morning on a high neighbouring building just astride from where Willife Direct’s offices are situated. It then hits me that these guys are safe in town! A Marabou Stork is gliding past as I type.
Alas! the Marabou Storks only two decades ago were birds of the wild. They roamed and scavenged of the carcases in the savannah expanse. Well they still do but most of them have now moved into town. If you happen to be in Nairobi City, and especially as you get into town from our local major airport, the Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, you will pass by a section of town called Nyayo Stadium(known from the respective stadium) and witness a spectacle of big nests on Acacia trees. This is the largest nesting site of the urbanized storks in Nairobi. The birds have muted excreta on the tarmac, looking smudged after zooming automobiles splash the fresh, pasty substance. The walls of the surrounding buildings are also stained with white cascading trails of the same. Though not entirely free from human persecution, especially from the street urchins who may pick up the weakend old or sick individuals and subject them to teasing and physical torture, the birds are generally comfortable and safe at the judgement of any onlooker. Still, the people around Nyayo stadium seem to have learnt to tolerate the birds and will hardly notice them. My whole point is that the giant birds are safer compared to what is befalling their scavenging mates-the vultures-in the wild.
The Marabou Storks are scavengers and will be seen scavenging alongside vultures and hyenas. Of all the local cases reported of vultures poisoned by carbofuran, I cannot pin-point one that documented Marabou Storks as well, yet these scavenge together in the wild. But I think their ‘humility’ has spared them from the ill fate of this calamity. The Marabous will post sentry as the stronger eagles, vultures and hyenas tussle over the meal of carcass. May be by the time they get the morsel of the whole the carbofuran-laced layer of the carcass is already cleared off by the stronger birds and hyenas. Well, may be this tough competition is one of the factors that led to the coming into town by these giant storks. Nonetheless, I feel though an ambitious move, partly the birrds were saved from the ongoing massacre of their colleagues-vultures-by the killer carbofuran.
Many rate this stork as the ugliest scene of the birds, but the bird has a reputation for being a cleaner of the environment. It will eat decomposing carcasses and most disposables that would be unpalatable even to wild dogs. But their settlement in town does not mean they have moved to absolute safety.Since the birds will be seen to forage in large numbers at dumping sites, at sewage pond ‘wetlands’ and any other filthy sites, still there is menace that the birds could get poisoned by industrial poisons or toxins if these are discharged at their foraging sites. For now, they are safer from carbofuran poisoning than they would be if they were all out in the savannah.
Tags: Black Kite, carbofuran, eagle, hyena, Marabou Stork, Peregrine Falcon, Wildlife Direct
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